About the Department
Department Overview
The Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, was established on 07 July 2009 with the objective of providing comprehensive diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up care for patients with gastrointestinal and related disorders.
The department functions as one clinical unit with a bed strength of 20 beds and has an annual PG intake of 2 students.
It provides dedicated inpatient and outpatient services supported by structured clinical and academic activities.
Critical Care & Patient Care Facilities
The department has 6 ICU and HDU beds, along with three OPD rooms and two wards, facilitating organized outpatient consultations and inpatient management.
A dedicated seminar room supports academic activities such as case presentations, seminars, journal clubs, clinical discussions and postgraduate teaching.
Specialty Clinics
Specialized clinical services are provided through dedicated clinics, including:
- Liver Clinic
- Pancreas Clinic
- GI Oncology Clinic
- Stoma Care Clinic
- Upper GI Clinic
These focused services facilitate comprehensive evaluation, treatment and follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and related disorders.
Academic Resources
The department maintains an academic resource collection of:
- 190 books
- Approximately 32 journals
These resources provide students and postgraduate trainees with access to relevant reference material and current medical literature. They support clinical learning, academic discussions, research activities and evidence-based practice.
Postgraduate Training
The department emphasizes structured postgraduate training through:
- Bedside clinical teaching
- Supervised patient care
- Case presentations
- Seminars
- Journal discussions
- Academic activities
The specialty clinics provide trainees with focused clinical exposure across various areas of gastroenterology.
Clinical Workload
During 2025, the Department of Medical Gastroenterology recorded a total of 18,606 outpatient visits, reflecting its role in providing specialized gastroenterological services to patients from Nellore and the surrounding region.
About The HoD
Dr R R Vamsi Krishna
M.B.B.S, M.S, M.Ch
Personal Information
Academic Qualifications
- MBBS (2004) – Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool (NTRUHS, Vijayawada)
- MS (General Surgery) (2008) – SVMC, Tirupati (Dr. NTRUHS, Vijayawada)
- M.Ch (Surgical Gastroenterology) (2013) – Narayana Medical College, Nellore (Dr. NTRUHS, Vijayawada)
Teaching Experience
| Designation | Department | Institution | From | To | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senior Resident | Surgical Gastroenterology | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 07.08.2010 | 06.08.2013 | 3 Y |
| Senior Resident | Surgical Gastroenterology | ACSR Govt Medical College, Nellore | 08.01.2014 | 11.09.2014 | 8 M |
| Senior Resident | Surgical Gastroenterology | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 26.10.2016 | 30.06.2017 | 8 M |
| Asst. Professor | Surgical Gastroenterology | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 01.07.2017 | 24.06.2021 | 3 Y 11 M 21 D |
| Assoc. Professor | Surgical Gastroenterology | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 25.06.2021 | 24.06.2024 | 3 Y |
| Professor | Surgical Gastroenterology | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 25.06.2024 | Till date | 1 Y 7 M |
Academics
Academic Overview
The Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, is committed to providing structured, competency-based and clinically oriented medical education in accordance with the academic framework of Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences (Dr. NTRUHS) and the standards prescribed by the National Medical Commission (NMC).
The NMC's Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum emphasizes integration of knowledge, clinical skills, communication, professionalism, ethical practice, clinical reasoning and competency-based assessment. The department incorporates these principles through progressive clinical exposure, supervised surgical training, multidisciplinary learning and evidence-based practice.
Undergraduate (UG) Education
At the Undergraduate (UG) level, surgical gastroenterology is integrated into the MBBS curriculum primarily through General Surgery and allied clinical disciplines. Students are introduced to the clinical evaluation and basic management of common gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary conditions, including acute abdomen, gastrointestinal bleeding, hernias, intestinal obstruction, gallbladder and biliary diseases, liver disorders, pancreatitis and gastrointestinal malignancies.
Teaching is reinforced through bedside clinical teaching, case discussions, demonstrations, seminars and supervised patient care. Narayana Medical College offers the MBBS programme with an annual intake of 250 students.
Postgraduate (PG) Education
At the Postgraduate (PG) level, MS General Surgery residents receive structured exposure to gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgical conditions. Academic activities include bedside teaching, case presentations, seminars, journal clubs, operative discussions, multidisciplinary conferences and supervised perioperative patient management.
The programme provides a foundation in surgical decision-making, emergency care, operative principles and evidence-based practice. Narayana Medical College has an annual intake of 18 students for MS General Surgery.
Super-Speciality Education
At the Super-Speciality level, the department offers a three-year M.Ch. Surgical Gastroenterology programme with an annual intake of two students. The programme provides advanced training across gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and related super-speciality disciplines.
- Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Gastrointestinal Oncology
- Minimally Invasive and Laparoscopic Surgery
- Complex Abdominal Procedures
- Liver and Pancreas-related Surgery
- Multidisciplinary Management of Digestive System Diseases
The department is equipped with a state-of-the-art modular operating theatre and provides exposure to advanced and minimally invasive surgical procedures, supporting comprehensive clinical and academic training.
Academic and Professional Development
Through its UG, PG and M.Ch. programmes, the department aims to develop competent, ethical and academically oriented surgeons with strong clinical judgement, operative skills, research aptitude and a commitment to lifelong learning and high-quality patient care.
The institution's common academic programme further promotes interdisciplinary learning and interaction among postgraduate and super-speciality trainees.
Courses
Academic Overview
The Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, follows a competency-based, clinically oriented academic approach aligned with the standards of the National Medical Commission (NMC) and the academic framework of Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences (Dr. NTRUHS). The curriculum emphasizes progressive development of knowledge, clinical skills, communication, professionalism, ethical practice, research and competency-based assessment.
Undergraduate (UG) Education
At the Undergraduate (UG) level, Surgical Gastroenterology is integrated into the MBBS curriculum through General Surgery, with exposure to common gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic conditions.
Narayana Medical College offers 250 MBBS seats, providing students with structured clinical exposure to gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary conditions as part of their undergraduate surgical education.
Postgraduate (PG) Education
At the Postgraduate (PG) level, MS General Surgery residents receive structured training in gastrointestinal surgical conditions, perioperative care, emergency surgery and operative decision-making.
The institution offers 18 MS General Surgery seats, supporting progressive clinical training and supervised development of surgical knowledge and skills.
Super-Speciality Education
At the Super-Speciality level, the department offers a three-year M.Ch. Surgical Gastroenterology programme with an annual intake of two students. The programme provides advanced training across gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.
- Luminal and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
- Gastrointestinal and HPB Oncology
- Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Complex Abdominal Surgery
- Liver and Pancreatic Surgery
- Multidisciplinary Management
These areas correspond with the NMC's competency-based M.Ch. curriculum, supporting structured and progressive training in advanced gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgical practice.
Academic Teaching and Research
Academic teaching methods include structured bedside teaching, case presentations, seminars, journal clubs, clinical discussions, operative teaching, multidisciplinary meetings, self-directed learning and research activities.
The institution also conducts a weekly Common Academic Programme involving specialty and super-specialty trainees, supporting interdisciplinary learning and academic interaction.
Clinical Training and Professional Development
The department combines supervised clinical training with progressive procedural responsibility to develop competent, ethical and academically oriented surgeons capable of delivering comprehensive gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary care.
Facilities
Infrastructure Overview
The Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, provides comprehensive facilities for specialized surgical care, clinical training, academic activities and research.
The department functions as one clinical unit with dedicated outpatient, inpatient and critical-care facilities, supporting efficient evaluation, surgical treatment, perioperative care and long-term follow-up of patients with complex gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders.
Specialty Clinics
Specialty services are organized through dedicated clinics that provide focused evaluation, treatment planning, perioperative care and long-term follow-up for patients requiring specialized gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgical care.
- Liver Clinic
- Pancreas Clinic
- GI Oncology Clinic
- Stoma Care Clinic
- Upper GI Clinic
Departmental Library
Training and Academic Facilities
The department's infrastructure supports undergraduate, postgraduate and super-speciality training through structured clinical, operative and academic activities.
- Bedside teaching
- Clinical case discussions
- Operative teaching
- Seminars
- Journal clubs
- Multidisciplinary meetings
- Supervised procedures
- Research activities
The department provides an integrated environment combining quality patient care, academic development, operative exposure, competency-based clinical training and research in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery.
Equipment
| S. No. | EQUIPMENT | IMPORTANT SPECIFICATIONS |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upper GI Endoscope Set | Olympus Videoscope |
| 2 | Lower GI Endoscope Set | Olympus Videoscope |
| 3 | Laparoscopy Equipment Set | Total number of functioning sets not specified in the extracted text |
| 4 | Ultrasonic Dissector / Coagulator | Olympus make |
| 5 | Vessel Sealing Equipment | — |
| 6 | Waterjet Dissector | — |
| 7 | Instruments for Open Surgery | — |
| 8 | Instruments for Liver Transplant Surgery | — |
| 9 | Ultrasonography Machine with Doppler Facility | Convex, linear and cardiac probes |
| 10 | Laparoscopy Trainers | — |
| 11 | Robotics Platform | MEDBOT Toumai 1000 |
Books
| SL.NO | TITLE OF THE BOOK | AUTHOR NAME | ED | NO.OF.BOOKS |
| 1 | A CONCISE TEXT BOOK OF SURGERY | DAS | 4TH | 1 |
| 2 | AJCC CANCER STAGING MANUAL | MAHUL B AMIN | 8TH | 1 |
| 3 | ART OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY VOL – 1 & 2 | PALANIVELU | 1ST | 2 |
| 4 | ASCRC TEXT BOOK OF COLON AND RECTOL SURGERY | WOLFF | 1ST | 1 |
| 5 | ATLAS OF GASTRO INTESTINAL IMAGING | LINGA REDDY | 1ST | 2 |
| 6 | BAILEY AND LOVES SHORT PRACTICE OF SURGERY | WILLIAMS | 25TH | 1 |
| 7 | BARIATRIC SURGICAL PRACTICE GUIDE | PRAVEEN RAJ ,PALANIVELU | 1ST | 1 |
| 8 | BEDSIDE CLINICS IN SURGERY | MAKHAN LAL SAHA | 2ND | 1 |
| 9 | BLUMGART'S SURGERY OF THE LIVER BILIARY TRACT AND PANCREAS VOL – I&II | JARNAGIN | 6TH | 4 |
| 10 | BLUMGART'S SURGERY OF THE LIVER, BILIARY TRACT AND PANCREAS VOL – 1&II | JARNAGIN | 7TH | 2 |
| 11 | CANCER PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF ANCOLOGY | VINCENT T DEVITA | 10TH | 1 |
| 12 | CANCER PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF ONCOLOGY 10TH | DEVITA | 10TH | 1 |
| 13 | CANCER:PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF ONCOLOGY | DEVITA | 9TH | 1 |
| 14 | CLINICAL ANATOMY | SNELL | 7TH | 1 |
| 15 | CLINICAL GASTROINTENSTINAL ENDOSCOPY | HOONJAI CHUN | 2ND | 1 |
| 16 | CLINICAL SURGERY | HENRY | 3RD | 1 |
| 17 | CONTRAVERSIES IN LAPOROSCOPIC SURGERY | ASSALLIAR | 1ST | 1 |
| 18 | CURRENT DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT | DOHERTY | 14TH | 1 |
| 19 | DISEASES OF THE BREAST | HARRIS | 4TH | 1 |
| 20 | EMERGENCY ANAESTHESIA | ADAMS A.P. | 2 | 1 |
| 21 | ESSENTIAL SURGICAL PRACTICE | CUSCHIERI | 4TH | 1 |
| 22 | FARQUHARSONS TEXT BOOK OF OPERATIVE GENERAL SURGERY | FARQUHARSON | 9TH | 1 |
| 23 | GASTROINTESTINAL POLYPS | HABOUBI | 1ST | 1 |
| 24 | GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY | HALLE DEBAS | 1ST | 2 |
| 25 | HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC SURGERY | CARTER | 1ST | 1 |
| 26 | HAMILTON BAILEYS EMERGENCY SURGERY 13 ED | ELLIS | 13TH | 1 |
| 27 | HISTORY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY | CHEN | 1ST | 1 |
| 28 | KIRK'S GENERAL SURGICAL OPERATIONS | RICHARD NOVELL | 6TH | 1 |
| 29 | KEIGHLEY & WILLIAM'S SURGERY OF THE ANUS RECTUM AND COLON VOL – 1&II | KEIGHLEY | 4TH | 2 |
| 30 | LAPOROSCOPIC SURGERY OF ABDOMEN | FADYEN | 1ST | 1 |
| 31 | LAST ANATOMY | SINNATHAMBY | 10TH | 1 |
| 32 | MAINGOTS ABDOMINAL OPERATION | ZINNER | 11TH | 1 |
| 33 | MAINGOTS ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS 1 &2 | ZINNER | 10TH | 3 |
| 34 | MAINGOT'S ABDOMINAL SURGERY | ZINNER | 11TH | 1 |
| 35 | MANIPAL MANUAL OF SURGERY | K RAJGOPAL SHENOY | 3RD | 1 |
| 36 | MASTER OF SURGERY VOL 1&2 | FISCHER | 6TH | 2 |
| 37 | MASTER TECHNIQUES IN SURGERY ESOPHAGEAL SURGERY | LUKETICH | 1ST | 1 |
| 38 | MASTER TECHNIQUES IN SURGERY:HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATRIC SURGERY | LILLEMOE | 1ST | 1 |
| 39 | MASTERY OF ENDOSCOPIC AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY | LEEL SWANSTROM | 4TH | 1 |
| 40 | MEDICAL GE OF LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENT | KILLENBERG | 1ST | 1 |
| 41 | MINIMALLY INVASIVE BARIATRIC SURGERY | SCHAURE | 1ST | 1 |
| 42 | OBESITY SURGERY | MARTIN | 1ST | 1 |
| 43 | PANCREATIC TRANSPLANTATION | CORRY | 1ST | 1 |
| 44 | POCKET GUIDE TO THE OPERATING ROOM | GOLDMAN | 3RD | 1 |
| 45 | PRACTICAL GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY | COTTON | 6TH | 1 |
| 46 | PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF GI ONCOLOGY | KELSEN | 1ST | 1 |
| 47 | REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY | GANONG | 22ND | 1 |
| 48 | PEARSON'S THORACIC & ESOPHAGEAL SURGERY VOL 1&2 | PATTERSON | 3RD | 1 |
| 49 | ROB &SMITH OPERATIVE SURGERY OF THE UPPER GASTROINTINAL TRACT | JAMIESON | 5TH | 1 |
| 50 | RUTHERFORD VASCULAR SURGERY VOL -I&II | JOHNSTON | 8TH | 2 |
| 51 | SABISTON TEXT BOOK OF SURGERY I&II | TOWNSEND | 16TH | 2 |
| 52 | SABISTON TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY VOL – I&II | TOWNSEND | 20TH | 2 |
| 53 | SCHIFF'S DISEASES OF THE LIVER 1 & 2 | SCHIFF | 8TH | 2 |
| 54 | SHACKELFORD SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT VOL – 1&ii | YEO | 4TH | 2 |
| 55 | SHACKELFORD'S SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTRY TRACT ,VOL-I&II | CHARLES | 7TH | 2 |
| 56 | SHACKLEFORDS SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACK VOL -I&II | CHARLES S YEO | 8TH | 2 |
| 58 | SHEILA SHERLOCK DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM | DOOLEY | 11TH | 1 |
| 59 | SLEISENGER AND FORDANS GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS/MANAGEMENT | SLEISENGER | 10TH | 2 |
| 60 | SLEISENGER&FORDTRAN'S GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER 1 &2 | FELDMAN | 6TH | 2 |
| 61 | SURGERY OF THE ANUS RECTUM 1 &2 | GOLIBER | 5TH | 2 |
| 62 | SURGERY OF THE ANUS,RECTUM AND COLON 1 &2 | KLIGHLY | 3RD | 2 |
| 63 | SURGERY OF THE UPPER GI TRACT | JAMIESON | 1ST | 1 |
| 64 | SURGERY OF THE LIVER BILLIARY TRACT AND PANCREAS IN CHILDRAN | HOWLAND | 1ST | 1 |
| 65 | SURGICAL ANATOMY | MC GREGOR | 12TH | 1 |
| 66 | SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF AND HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC DISORDER | POSTON | 1ST | 1 |
| 67 | TEXTBOOK OF SURGICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY VOL -I&II | PK MISHRA | 1ST | 1 |
| 69 | THE ICU BOOK | MARINO | 4TH | 1 |
| 70 | THE LIVER DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT | BACAN | 1ST | 1 |
| 71 | THE LIVER SYSTEMIC DISEASE | GIFTIN | 1ST | 1 |
| 72 | THE WASHINGTON MANUAL OF SURGERY | KLINGENSMITH | 1ST | 2 |
| 73 | TRANSPLANTATION OF THE LIVER | RONALD W BOSUTTIL | 3RD | 2 |
| 75 | TUBERCULOSIS | SHARMA | 1ST | 1 |
| 76 | ULTRASOUND OF THE GASTROINTENSTINAL TRACT | GIOVANNI MACONI | 2ND | 1 |
| TOTAL NO.OF BOOKS | 97 |
Journals
| SL.NO | NAME OF THE JOURNAL | FULL TEXT | PUBLISHER/CONSORTIUM | INDIAN/ FOREIGN | ONLINE/OFFLINE | AVAILABLE UP TO |
| NATIONAL JOURNALS | ||||||
| 1 | INDIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTROLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | INDIAN | ONLINE | 2009-2025 |
| INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS | ||||||
| 2 | TRAUMA CASE REPORTS | FULL TEXT | CLNICAL KEY | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2015-2026 |
| 3 | CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 1987-2026 |
| 4 | CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2010-2025 |
| 5 | HEPATITIS MONTHLY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | Vol -1-25 |
| 6 | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2010-2025 |
| 7 | JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2001-2025 |
| 8 | JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 1994-2026 |
| 9 | SAUDI JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 1995-2025 |
| 10 | THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2010-2026 |
| 11 | UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2013-2026 |
| 12 | ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2012-2025 |
| 13 | EXPLORATION OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2002-2025 |
| 14 | COLORECTAL CANCER | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2012-2025 |
| 15 | GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY AND ENDOSCOPY PRACTICE | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2021-2026 |
| 16 | HEPATOBILIARY SURGERY AND NUTRITION | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2021-2025 |
| 17 | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2010-2025 |
| 18 | JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2013-2025 |
| 19 | JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2018-2025 |
| 20 | JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2022-2025 |
| 21 | PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY & NUTRITION | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2013-2025 |
| 22 | WORLD JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL SURGERY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2018-2025 |
| 23 | WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2009-2025 |
| 24 | WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2009-2025 |
| 25 | WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY | FULL TEXT | DELNET | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2009-2025 |
| 26 | CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY | FULL TEXT | OVID SP | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2024-2026 |
| 27 | JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY | FULL TEXT | OVID SP | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2015-2026 |
| 28 | JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY | FULL TEXT | OVID SP | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2018-2025 |
| 29 | ANNALS OF SURGERY | FULL TEXT | OVID SP | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2015-2026 |
| 30 | DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM | FULL TEXT | OVID SP | FOREIGN | ONLINE | 2015-2026 |
NAME OF THE EVENT
dATE
VIEW
CME - 2025 Liver Transplantation Current Trends & Signing of MoU – Dept. of Surgical Gastroenterology
12/06/2025
Teaching Staff
NON Teaching Staff
LOCATE US
Chinthareddypalem,
Nellore – 524003,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
